Boundary Monuments: Artificial and Natural Markers

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Boundary Monuments: Artificial and Natural Markers

0 hrs. Online Course
Level: Intermediate
Average Rating: (1039)

Item #: RV-10263
SME: Patrick C. Garner, P.L.S., Wetland Scientist

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Overview

Course Description

This course has been discontinued.

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Land surveying has a rich—and sometimes quirky—history of using monuments that were particular to a given region like wood stakes, iron pipes, and wheelbarrow axles. As a surveyor, you need to know the differences between natural and artificial boundary monuments.

This interactive online course gives you a brief history of boundary monuments; legal principles of permanence, visibility, and accuracy; and a discussion of the “ideal” monument.

Learning Objectives

Upon completing this course, you will be able to:

Explain the ancient and contemporary intent of monuments
Discuss the significance of property markers and their permanence
Define the occasional difficulties typically encountered in boundary retracement
Describe boundary markers historic and modern

Course Applies To:

This course can be used for CE or applies to the State Licenses and Professional Organizations listed below.

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Subject Matter Expert: Patrick C. Garner, P.L.S., Wetland Scientist

Biography

Patrick C. Garner is a Professional Land Surveyor in Massachusetts who has been in private practice for over 40 years. A Principal of Patrick C. Garner Company Inc., he frequently conducts technical seminars, does peer reviews for cities and towns, and works as an expert witness in Massachusetts courts. He also provides numerous active on-line continuing education courses through RedVector, many of which focus on legal, business and technical issues in land surveying.

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NOTE: State license renewal information is provided as a convenience only and is subject to change at any time. It is the ultimate responsibility of the individual to be sure that he or she is meeting continuing education requirements for each license and corresponding renewal period. Information above was pulled on Friday, October 31, 2025.